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Joining Forces for Gender Equity in Interventional Cardiology: Results of a National Survey in Portugal.
Session:
Sessão de Posters 17 - O género importa em cardiologia
Speaker:
Joana Certo Pereira
Congress:
CPC 2026
Topic:
P. Other
Theme:
37. Miscellanea
Subtheme:
---
Session Type:
Posters Eletrónicos
FP Number:
---
Authors:
Joana Certo Pereira; Rita Barbosa Sousa; Francisco Moscoso Costa; Rita Calé; Catarina Brízido; Gustavo Rodrigues; João Brito; Rui Campante Teles; Diogo Cavaco; Manuel Almeida; Regina Ribeiras; Pedro Adragão
Abstract
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Background: </strong>Women remain under-represented in interventional cardiology. This study aimed to assess perceptions and lived experiences of cardiology trainees and specialists, identifying barriers, concerns, and opportunities to promote a more equitable training environment and clinical practice.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Methods: </strong>A national online survey was distributed to all cardiology residents and specialists in Portugal. The questionnaire was disseminated with the support of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology, APAPE and APIC. Responses were collected between September and November 2025.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 257 responses were obtained (53% women, mean age 42±13 years, 73% specialists, 53% from the Lisbon region). Overall, both genders agreed that interventional cardiology is still perceived as predominantly male and that gender-related differences in career opportunities persist and that radiation exposure is a major concern. Most participants did not perceive inequality in access to training or in the response to error/feedback - Figure 1 (global results). </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Among women (n=136), most reported equal opportunities to act as first operator but identified insufficient training in radiation-protection, inadequate protective equipment for female body types and a lack of female role-models. Among those who considered but did not pursue an interventional career (n=23; 17%), the main reasons were radiation concerns, family expectations, and a perceived non-inclusive culture. Among women who chose or are pursuing intervention (n=52; 38%), the main challenges were maternity-related issues and inadequate protective equipment. Pregnancy is often postponed and the number of planed children reduced. Most women suspended invasive activity during pregnancy, but returned to interventional work while breastfeeding. The most valued potential solutions included clear maternity-support policies and protective equipment adapted to female anatomy - Figure 1 (gender specific results - female perspective). </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Most men recognized these difficulties and reported feeling personally responsible for promoting equity within their teams. Both genders reported that institutional initiatives to reduce gender disparities were largely absent - Figure 1 (gender specific results - male perspective). </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>National perceptions from both genders indicate that gender inequities persist in interventional cardiology and that few structured institutional efforts are in place to mitigate them. National and institutional policies on radiation protection, maternity support, and appropriate protective equipment may be essential to promote gender equity and increase female representation in interventional cardiology.</span></span></p>
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