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Reunião Anual Conjunta dos Grupos de Estudo de Cirurgia Cardíaca, Doenças Valvulares e Ecocardiografia da SPC
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Body Mass Index as a Predictor of Clinical and Functional Outcomes in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Session:
SESSÃO DE POSTERS 03 - REABILITAÇÃO CARDÍACA AO LONGO DO CONTINUUM DE CUIDADOS - DA PREVENÇÃO AOS RESULTADOS A LONGO PRAZO
Speaker:
Mariana Carvalho
Congress:
CPC 2025
Topic:
J. Preventive Cardiology
Theme:
29. Rehabilitation and Sports Cardiology
Subtheme:
29.2 Cardiovascular Rehabilitation
Session Type:
Cartazes
FP Number:
---
Authors:
Mariana Ferreira Carvalho; Margarida Cabral; Carolina Gonçalves; Adriana Vazão; André Martins; Joana Pereira; Mónica Amado; Filipa Januário; Alexandre Antunes
Abstract
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Obesity and overweight are established risk factors for cardiovascular disease, impacting both acute and long-term prognoses. During Phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR), the degree of functional recovery and improvement in quality of life may vary according to Body Mass Index (BMI) categories. A comprehensive understanding of BMI’s role in CR outcomes is essential to optimize personalized rehabilitation protocols.</p> <p><strong>Objective:</strong> This study investigates the influence of BMI on clinical and functional outcomes during Phase II CR, focusing on quality of life (EQ-VAS), functional capacity (METs), and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> A cohort of 269 patients enrolled in Phase II CR was stratified into five BMI categories: underweight, normal weight, overweight, obesity class I, and obesity class II/III. Clinical events (MACE), functional capacity (METs), and quality of life (EQ-VAS) changes were evaluated. Comparative analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Multivariate regression models adjusted for confounding variables were used to explore the association between BMI categories and clinical outcomes.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> BMI was significantly associated with differential outcomes in CR. Patients with overweight and obesity class I showed greater MET improvements compared to those with obesity class II/III. Notably, normal-weight and overweight patients demonstrated significant EQ-VAS gains (p = 0.014). The incidence of MACE was markedly higher in the obesity class II/III group (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.45–3.56, p < 0.01). Multivariate regression confirmed that obesity class II/III independently predicted reduced functional gains and lower quality of life improvements compared to the normal-weight group.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Patients with elevated BMI, particularly those in obesity class II/III, experience less favorable clinical and functional outcomes during Phase II CR and are at increased risk of MACE. These findings underscore the need for tailored CR strategies to address the unique challenges faced by patients with higher BMI, ultimately enhancing recovery trajectories and reducing cardiovascular risk.</p>
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