SPC365

Secondary prevention after one-year of a cardiovascular rehabilitation program - a single-centre analysis

Session: SESSÃO DE POSTERS 02 - RESULTADOS E AVALIAÇÃO DE PROGRAMAS DE REABILITAÇÃO CARDÍACA - DA PRÁTICA CLÍNICA AOS BENEFÍCIOS PARA O DOENTE
Speaker: Carolina Miguel Gonçalves

Congress: CPC 2025
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Session Type: Cartazes
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Authors: Carolina Gonçalves; Margarida Cabral; Mariana Carvalho; Adriana Vazão; André Martins; Joana Pereira; Mónica Amado; Fátima Saraiva; Filipa Januário; Alexandre Antunes

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">Background</span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">Cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) is considered a cornerstone in secondary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) diseases, with class IA recommendations in European guidelines.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">Objective</span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">To describe the one-year impact of the CR program, particularly regarding anthropometric data, smoking cessation and blood analysis.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">Methods</span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">Retrospective single-centre analysis of patients referred to the CR program between 2017 and 2024. Baseline characteristics and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) &ndash; a composite of death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), cardiovascular rehospitalization and stroke - were analysed. Body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference, lipid profile and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were compared at baseline (T0), end of CR (T1) and one-year follow-up (FU).</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">Results</span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">A total of 307 patients were included at baseline, 69% male, with a mean age of 58 &plusmn; 9 years. Of these, 194 patients (63%) completed phase 2 CR program. The patients were referred to CR mostly after acute coronary syndromes (ACS) (94%), and the remaining were heart failure patients (6%). Around 94% of the ACS patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention at the index event, and only 4% coronary artery bypass grafting. Dyslipidemia (78%), hypertension (59%) and active smoking (45%) were the most common CV risk factors. Personal background of smoking (28%), obstructive sleep apnea (27%), diabetes (24%), coronary artery disease (14%), peripheral artery disease (6%) and cerebrovascular disease (5%), were also observed. Regarding cardiac devices, 2% and 1% already had an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and a cardiac resynchronization therapy, respectively. Both BMI (p=0.005) and abdominal circumference (p&lt;0.001) were significantly lower at FU. Smoking cessation remained successful in 34% of active smokers. Low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides were significantly lower at FU (p&lt;0.001), while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was higher (p&lt;0.001). HbA1c was already controlled at baseline. These positive results at the end of CR were not lost at one-year FU (p=0.815, p=0.081), and HDL improved (p=0.006). One-year MACE occurred in only 2.6%, mainly due to cardiovascular rehospitalization.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">Conclusions</span></strong></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">In our CR population, there were significant improvements in anthropometric data, lipid profile, and smoking cessation at the end of phase 2, and the benefits were not lost at the one-year follow-up, highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary programs in secondary prevention, even after phase 2 CR.</span></span></span></p>