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Cardiology in Decline: Unveiling the Downward Trend in Resident Preferences
Session:
SESSÃO DE POSTERS 27 - FORMAÇÃO EM CARDIOLOGIA E FARMACOTERAPIA
Speaker:
Luísa Gomes Rocha
Congress:
CPC 2025
Topic:
N. E-Cardiology / Digital Health, Public Health, Health Economics, Research Methodology
Theme:
34. Public Health and Health Economics
Subtheme:
34.3 Health Economics
Session Type:
Cartazes
FP Number:
---
Authors:
Luísa Gomes Rocha; Tomás M. Carlos; Mafalda Oliveira Griné; Bernardo Lisboa Resende; Susana Costa; Vanda Devesa Neto; Rui Baptista; Gonçalo Ferraz Costa; Lino Gonçalves
Abstract
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Background:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Cardiology has long been regarded as one of the most sought-after medical specialties. However, evolving preferences among medical graduates and advancements in other fields may have influenced its appeal. Understanding these trends is essential to assess shifts in specialty selection over time.</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Purpose:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> This study aimed to analyze trends in entry positions for Cardiology from 2016 to 2024 and to assess disparities between Cardiology and other highly chosen specialties—Dermatology and Ophthalmology—as well as Gastroenterology, which shares a medical and technical complexity similar to Cardiology.</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Methods:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Utilizing data from<em> Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde </em>(ACSS), this observational study focused on normalized entry positions from 2016 to 2024, using the Kruskal-Wallis test for longitudinal analysis and Mann-Whitney U tests for 2024 comparisons. Given the substantial variability in exam scores year over year, the analysis concentrated on normalized entry positions rather than scores. A Normalized Attractiveness Index (NAI) was formulated to assess each specialty’s relative appeal, calculated as: 1 minus the product of the median entry position divided by the total number of candidates in that year and the ratio of the number of vacancies in the specialty to the total number of vacancies across the four specialties in that year. </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Results:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Cardiology’s median entry positions rose from 61st in 2016 to 362nd in 2023, with no significant differences in positions over the years (p=0.394). Comparisons in 2024 revealed no significant differences between Cardiology and the other specialties, with p-values of 0.840, 0.523, and 0.947. However, NAI showed Dermatology (average 0.937) and Ophthalmology (average 0.895) as more attractive than Cardiology, which notably declined, reaching its lowest index at 0.612 in 2023. Gastroenterology maintained moderate attractiveness (average 0.821).</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Conclusions:</span></strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Despite the statistical analyses not yielding statistically significant differences in the entry positions among the specialties, several factors could account for this outcome. Conversely, the NAI indicates a notable decline in Cardiology’s appeal relative to others. This trend, requiring further investigation, suggests the need for targeted interventions and strategic adjustments in medical training and recruitment.</span></span></span></p>
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